On Sept. 30, 1809, the Treaty of Fort Wayne (also known as the Ten O'Clock Line Treaty) was signed by Indiana Territory Gov. William Henry Harrison and representatives of four Indian tribes. (Under terms of the treaty, the Indians sold some 3 million acres of land to be used for US settlements.)
On this date:
In 1452, the first section of the Guttenberg Bible, the first book printed from movable type, was published in Germany.
In 1630, John Billington, one of the first pilgrims to land in America was hanged for murder -- becoming the first European criminal executed in the American colonies.
In 1777, the Continental Congress -- forced to flee in the face of advancing British forces -- moved to York, Pa.
In 1788, the Pennsylvania Legislature elected the first two members of the U.S. Senate - William Maclay of Harrisburg and Robert Morris of Philadelphia.
In 1791, Mozart's opera "The Magic Flute" premiered in Vienna, Austria.
In 1846, Boston dentist William Morton used ether as an anesthetic for the first time as he extracted an ulcerated tooth from merchant Eben Frost.
In 1924, author Truman Capote was born in New Orleans.
In 1927, Babe Ruth of the New York Yankees hit his 60th home run of the season to break his own major-league record.
In 1946, an international military tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany, found 22 top Nazi leaders guilty of war crimes.
Sixty years ago, in 1949, the Berlin Airlift came to an end.
In 1954, the first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, was commissioned by the Navy.
In 1955, actor James Dean, 24, was killed in a two-car collision near Cholame, Calif.
In 1962, black student James Meredith was escorted by federal marshals to the campus of the University of Mississippi, where he enrolled for classes the next day.
In 1966, the Republic of Botswana declared its independence from Britain.
In 1984, Mike Witt of the California Angels pitched a perfect game in a 1-0 victory over the Texas Rangers.
In 1988, Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev retired President Andrei A. Gromyko from the Politburo and fired other old-guard leaders in a Kremlin shake-up.
In 1991, the military in Haiti overthrew Jean-Bertrand Aristide, the country's first freely-elected president.
In 1992, George Brett of the Kansas City Royals reached 3,000 career hits during a game against the California Angels. The United States returned most of the Subic Bay Naval Base to the Philippine government after more than a century of use.
In 1993, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake struck southern India, killing an estimated 10,000 people.
In 1997, France's Roman Catholic Church apologized for its silence during the systematic persecution and deportation of Jews by the pro-Nazi Vichy regime.
Ten years ago: Defense Secretary William Cohen ordered a top-level investigation of accounts of mass killings of Korean civilians by U.S. soldiers at No Gun Ri in 1950. A major leak at a uranium-processing plant in northeastern Japan exposed dozens of people to radiation. German novelist Guenter Grass won the Nobel Prize in literature. The San Francisco Giants played the Los Angeles Dodgers in the last baseball game at Candlestick Park (3Com Park); the Dodgers won, 9-4.
In 2003, the FBI began a criminal investigation into whether White House officials had illegally leaked the identity of an undercover CIA officer.
Five years ago: President George W. Bush and Sen. John Kerry met at the University of Miami for their first debate, with Kerry accusing Bush of a "colossal error in judgment" in ordering the invasion of Iraq and the president noting that Kerry had voted to authorize the military action. Bombs killed some three dozen children in Baghdad as US troops handed out candy at a government-sponsored celebration. The House followed the Senate in decisively rejecting a constitutional amendment banning gay marriage. Vioxx, the heavily promoted arthritis drug, was pulled from the market by its maker after a study found it doubled the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
One year ago: Congressional leaders and President George W. Bush rummaged through ideas new and old, desperately seeking to change a dozen House members' votes and pass a multibillion-dollar economic rescue plan. Wall Street regained hope as the Dow industrials rose 485 points. More than 200 people were killed in a stampede of pilgrims at a Hindu temple in Jodhpur, India. J.L. Chestnut Jr., the first black lawyer in Selma, Ala. and a prominent attorney in civil rights cases across a half century, died in Birmingham at age 77.
Today's Birthdays: Baseball Hall of Famer Robin Roberts is 83. Author Elie Wiesel is 81. Actress Angie Dickinson is 78. Singer Cissy Houston is 76. Singer Johnny Mathis is 74. Actor Len Cariou is 70. Singer Marilyn McCoo is 66. Former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert is 64. Pop singer Sylvia Peterson (The Chiffons) is 63. Actress Victoria Tennant is 59. Actor John Finn (TV: "Cold Case") is 57. Rock musician John Lombardo is 57. Singer Deborah Allen is 56. Actor Calvin Levels is 55. Actor Barry Williams is 55. Singer Patrice Rushen is 55. Actor Vondie Curtis-Hall is 53. Actress Fran Drescher is 52. Country singer Marty Stuart is 51. Actress Debrah Farentino is 50. Rock musician Bill Rieflin (R.E.M.) is 49. Sen. Blanche Lincoln (D-Ark.) is 49. Actress Crystal Bernard is 48. Actor Eric Stoltz is 48. Rapper-producer Marley Marl is 47. Country singer Eddie Montgomery (Montgomery-Gentry) is 46. Rock singer Trey Anastasio is 45. Actress Monica Bellucci is 45. Rock musician Robby Takac (Goo Goo Dolls) is 45. Actress Lisa Thornhill is 43. Actress Andrea Roth is 42. Actor Tony Hale is 39. Actress Jenna Elfman is 38. Actor Ashley Hamilton is 35. Actress Marion Cotillard is 34. Actor Mike Damus is 30. Tennis player Martina Hingis is 29. Olympic gold medal gymnast Dominique Moceanu is 28. Actress Lacey Chabert is 27. Actor Kieran Culkin is 27.
Today In Entertainment History
In 1950, the Grand Ole Opry was first televised by Nashville station WSM. WSM-AM had been broadcasting the Opry on radio since 1925.
In 1955, actor James Dean was killed in the collision of his sports car with another automobile near Cholame, California. He was 24.
In 1960, "The Flintstones" made its debut on ABC.
In 1965, Donovan made his American TV debut on "Shindig!"
In 1967, John Lennon and Paul McCartney appeared on "The David Frost Show" to talk about the virtues of transcendental meditation as taught by the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.
In 1982, "Cheers," with Ted Danson and Shelly Long, made its debut on NBC. It ran until 1993.
In 1984, "Murder, She Wrote," starring Angela Lansbury, premiered on CBS.
Thought for Today: "You must learn from the mistakes of others. You can't possibly live long enough to make them all yourself." — Sam Levenson, American humorist (1911-1980).
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